What do the performance values returned by the SQLite .stats option mean?

What do the various performance values and statistics returned by the SQLite .stats option represent, and how can I interpret these values to analyze the performance of my database?

The .stats option in SQLite provides various performance-related statistics that can help you analyze and optimize your database. Here are some of the key performance values and what they represent:

Page Cache: The number of pages currently in the page cache. This indicates how much of the database is cached in memory, which can affect read performance.

Page Reads: The number of disk pages read from the database. High page reads can indicate that the database is frequently accessing disk, which can slow down performance.

Page Writes: The number of disk pages written to the database. High page writes can indicate frequent updates or inserts, which can also impact performance.

Page Faults: The number of times a requested page was not in the cache and had to be read from disk. High page faults can indicate that the cache size is too small or that the working set of data is too large.

Cache Hit Rate: The percentage of page requests that were satisfied from the cache. A high cache hit rate indicates good cache performance, while a low hit rate suggests that the cache is not effective.

Cache Miss Rate: The percentage of page requests that were not found in the cache and had to be read from disk. A high cache miss rate can indicate that the cache size is too small or that the working set of data is too large.

Disk I/O Operations: The number of disk input/output operations performed. High disk I/O can indicate that the database is performing a lot of read and write operations, which can affect performance.

Query Execution Time: The time taken to execute queries. This can help identify slow queries that may need optimization.

By analyzing these performance values, you can identify potential bottlenecks and areas for optimization in your SQLite database.